diff --git a/client/src/components/LoginModal.tsx b/client/src/components/LoginModal.tsx
index 9c02489..53573a7 100644
--- a/client/src/components/LoginModal.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/LoginModal.tsx
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ export default function LoginModal({ isOpen, onClose }: LoginModalProps) {
       if (response.ok) {
         const user = await response.json();
         toast({
-          title: "로그인 성공",
-          description: `환영합니다, ${user.firstName}님!`,
+          title: "Login Successful",
+          description: `Welcome, ${user.firstName}!`,
         });
         
         // Invalidate auth queries to refresh user state
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@ export default function LoginModal({ isOpen, onClose }: LoginModalProps) {
       } else {
         const error = await response.json();
         toast({
-          title: "로그인 실패",
-          description: error.message || "잘못된 아이디 또는 비밀번호입니다.",
+          title: "Login Failed",
+          description: error.message || "Invalid username or password.",
           variant: "destructive",
         });
       }
     } catch (error) {
       toast({
-        title: "로그인 오류",
-        description: "로그인 중 오류가 발생했습니다.",
+        title: "Login Error",
+        description: "An error occurred during login.",
         variant: "destructive",
       });
     } finally {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export default function LoginModal({ isOpen, onClose }: LoginModalProps) {
         </DialogHeader>
         <form onSubmit={handleLogin} className="space-y-4">
           <div className="space-y-2">
-            <Label htmlFor="username">아이디</Label>
+            <Label htmlFor="username">Username</Label>
             <Input
               id="username"
               type="text"
@@ -87,13 +87,13 @@ export default function LoginModal({ isOpen, onClose }: LoginModalProps) {
               onChange={(e) => setUsername(e.target.value)}
               onInvalid={(e) => (e.target as HTMLInputElement).setCustomValidity('Please enter your username')}
               onInput={(e) => (e.target as HTMLInputElement).setCustomValidity('')}
-              placeholder="아이디를 입력하세요"
+              placeholder="Enter your username"
               required
               data-testid="input-username"
             />
           </div>
           <div className="space-y-2">
-            <Label htmlFor="password">비밀번호</Label>
+            <Label htmlFor="password">Password</Label>
             <Input
               id="password"
               type="password"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export default function LoginModal({ isOpen, onClose }: LoginModalProps) {
               onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
               onInvalid={(e) => (e.target as HTMLInputElement).setCustomValidity('Please enter your password')}
               onInput={(e) => (e.target as HTMLInputElement).setCustomValidity('')}
-              placeholder="비밀번호를 입력하세요"
+              placeholder="Enter your password"
               required
               data-testid="input-password"
             />
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ export default function LoginModal({ isOpen, onClose }: LoginModalProps) {
               disabled={isLoading}
               data-testid="button-login-submit"
             >
-              {isLoading ? "로그인 중..." : "로그인"}
+              {isLoading ? "Logging in..." : "Login"}
             </Button>
             <Button
               type="button"
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ export default function LoginModal({ isOpen, onClose }: LoginModalProps) {
               disabled={isLoading}
               data-testid="button-login-cancel"
             >
-              취소
+              Cancel
             </Button>
           </div>
         </form>
diff --git a/client/src/pages/Article.tsx b/client/src/pages/Article.tsx
index 4847429..cc7b39b 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/Article.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/Article.tsx
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ export default function Article() {
   };
 
   const formatDate = (dateString: string | Date | null) => {
-    if (!dateString) return '미정';
-    return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('ko-KR', {
+    if (!dateString) return 'TBD';
+    return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', {
       year: 'numeric',
       month: 'long',
       day: 'numeric',
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ export default function Article() {
     return (
       <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-50 flex items-center justify-center">
         <div className="text-center">
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-4">기사를 찾을 수 없습니다</h1>
-          <Button onClick={() => setLocation("/")}>홈으로 돌아가기</Button>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-4">Article Not Found</h1>
+          <Button onClick={() => setLocation("/")}>Return Home</Button>
         </div>
       </div>
     );
diff --git a/client/src/pages/Community.tsx b/client/src/pages/Community.tsx
index c724a17..a1b53aa 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/Community.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/Community.tsx
@@ -78,16 +78,16 @@ export default function Community() {
     const diffInMs = now.getTime() - postDate.getTime();
     const diffInMinutes = Math.floor(diffInMs / 60000);
     
-    if (diffInMinutes < 1) return "방금";
-    if (diffInMinutes < 60) return `${diffInMinutes}분 전`;
+    if (diffInMinutes < 1) return "just now";
+    if (diffInMinutes < 60) return `${diffInMinutes}m ago`;
     
     const diffInHours = Math.floor(diffInMinutes / 60);
-    if (diffInHours < 24) return `${diffInHours}시간 전`;
+    if (diffInHours < 24) return `${diffInHours}h ago`;
     
     const diffInDays = Math.floor(diffInHours / 24);
-    if (diffInDays < 30) return `${diffInDays}일 전`;
+    if (diffInDays < 30) return `${diffInDays}d ago`;
     
-    return postDate.toLocaleDateString('ko-KR');
+    return postDate.toLocaleDateString('en-US');
   };
 
   const filteredPosts = posts.filter(post => 
@@ -104,14 +104,14 @@ export default function Community() {
       <div className="flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen">
         <div className="text-center">
           <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-12 w-12 border-b-2 border-blue-600 mx-auto mb-4"></div>
-          <p className="text-gray-600">로딩 중...</p>
+          <p className="text-gray-600">Loading...</p>
         </div>
       </div>
     );
   }
 
   if (!outlet) {
-    return <div>미디어 아울렛을 찾을 수 없습니다</div>;
+    return <div>Media outlet not found</div>;
   }
 
   return (
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@ export default function Community() {
         <div className="mb-6 flex items-center justify-between">
           <div>
             <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900" data-testid="text-community-title">
-              {outlet.name} 커뮤니티
+              {outlet.name} Community
             </h1>
-            <p className="text-sm text-gray-600 mt-1">자유롭게 의견을 나눠보세요</p>
+            <p className="text-sm text-gray-600 mt-1">Share your thoughts freely</p>
           </div>
           
           <Dialog open={isNewPostOpen} onOpenChange={setIsNewPostOpen}>
@@ -248,12 +248,12 @@ export default function Community() {
                 }}
                 data-testid="button-new-post"
               >
-                글쓰기
+Write Post
               </Button>
             </DialogTrigger>
             <DialogContent className="max-w-2xl" data-testid="dialog-new-post">
               <DialogHeader>
-                <DialogTitle>새 글 작성</DialogTitle>
+                <DialogTitle>Create New Post</DialogTitle>
               </DialogHeader>
               <form onSubmit={(e) => {
                 e.preventDefault();
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ export default function Community() {
                   <div>
                     <Input 
                       name="title" 
-                      placeholder="제목을 입력하세요" 
+                      placeholder="Enter title" 
                       required 
                       data-testid="input-post-title"
                     />
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ export default function Community() {
                   <div>
                     <Textarea 
                       name="content" 
-                      placeholder="내용을 입력하세요" 
+                      placeholder="Enter content" 
                       rows={10}
                       required 
                       data-testid="textarea-post-content"
@@ -285,16 +285,16 @@ export default function Community() {
                   <div>
                     <Input 
                       name="imageUrl" 
-                      placeholder="이미지 URL (선택사항)" 
+                      placeholder="Image URL (optional)" 
                       data-testid="input-post-image-url"
                     />
                   </div>
                   <div className="flex justify-end space-x-2">
                     <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => setIsNewPostOpen(false)} data-testid="button-cancel-post">
-                      취소
+                      Cancel
                     </Button>
                     <Button type="submit" disabled={createPostMutation.isPending} data-testid="button-submit-post">
-                      {createPostMutation.isPending ? '작성 중...' : '작성하기'}
+                      {createPostMutation.isPending ? 'Creating...' : 'Create Post'}
                     </Button>
                   </div>
                 </div>
@@ -311,10 +311,10 @@ export default function Community() {
                 <SelectValue />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="latest">최신순</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="views">조회순</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="likes">추천순</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="replies">댓글순</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="latest">Latest</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="views">Most Views</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="likes">Most Likes</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="replies">Most Replies</SelectItem>
               </SelectContent>
             </Select>
           </div>
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ export default function Community() {
             <Search className="absolute left-3 top-1/2 transform -translate-y-1/2 h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
             <Input 
               type="text" 
-              placeholder="검색" 
+              placeholder="Search" 
               className="w-64 pl-10"
               value={searchTerm}
               onChange={(e) => setSearchTerm(e.target.value)}
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ export default function Community() {
         {postsLoading ? (
           <div className="text-center py-12">
             <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-12 w-12 border-b-2 border-blue-600 mx-auto mb-4"></div>
-            <p className="text-gray-600">로딩 중...</p>
+            <p className="text-gray-600">Loading...</p>
           </div>
         ) : (
           <div className="space-y-1">
@@ -360,13 +360,13 @@ export default function Community() {
                       <div className="flex items-center space-x-2 mb-1">
                         {post.isNotice && (
                           <Badge variant="destructive" className="text-xs" data-testid={`badge-notice-${post.id}`}>
-                            공지
+                            Notice
                           </Badge>
                         )}
                         {post.isPinned && !post.isNotice && (
                           <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs" data-testid={`badge-pin-${post.id}`}>
                             <Pin className="h-3 w-3 mr-1" />
-                            고정
+                            Pinned
                           </Badge>
                         )}
                       </div>
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ export default function Community() {
 
             {filteredPosts.length === 0 && (
               <div className="text-center py-12">
-                <p className="text-gray-500">아직 작성된 글이 없습니다.</p>
+                <p className="text-gray-500">No posts yet.</p>
               </div>
             )}
           </div>
diff --git a/client/src/pages/CommunityPost.tsx b/client/src/pages/CommunityPost.tsx
index f7eda8d..75bb506 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/CommunityPost.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/CommunityPost.tsx
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
     const diffInMs = now.getTime() - postDate.getTime();
     const diffInMinutes = Math.floor(diffInMs / 60000);
     
-    if (diffInMinutes < 1) return "방금";
-    if (diffInMinutes < 60) return `${diffInMinutes}분 전`;
+    if (diffInMinutes < 1) return "just now";
+    if (diffInMinutes < 60) return `${diffInMinutes}m ago`;
     
     const diffInHours = Math.floor(diffInMinutes / 60);
-    if (diffInHours < 24) return `${diffInHours}시간 전`;
+    if (diffInHours < 24) return `${diffInHours}h ago`;
     
     const diffInDays = Math.floor(diffInHours / 24);
-    if (diffInDays < 30) return `${diffInDays}일 전`;
+    if (diffInDays < 30) return `${diffInDays}d ago`;
     
-    return postDate.toLocaleDateString('ko-KR');
+    return postDate.toLocaleDateString('en-US');
   };
 
   const canDeletePost = () => {
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
       <div className="flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen">
         <div className="text-center">
           <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-12 w-12 border-b-2 border-blue-600 mx-auto mb-4"></div>
-          <p className="text-gray-600">로딩 중...</p>
+          <p className="text-gray-600">Loading...</p>
         </div>
       </div>
     );
   }
 
   if (!post) {
-    return <div>게시글을 찾을 수 없습니다</div>;
+    return <div>Post not found</div>;
   }
 
   return (
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
               data-testid="button-back"
             >
               <ArrowLeft className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" />
-              커뮤니티로 돌아가기
+              Back to Community
             </Button>
 
             {outlet && (
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
               <div className="flex items-center space-x-2 mb-3">
                 {post.isNotice && (
                   <Badge variant="destructive" className="text-xs" data-testid="badge-notice">
-                    공지
+                    Notice
                   </Badge>
                 )}
                 {post.isPinned && !post.isNotice && (
                   <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs" data-testid="badge-pin">
-                    고정
+                    Pinned
                   </Badge>
                 )}
               </div>
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
                 data-testid="button-like"
               >
                 <ThumbsUp className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" />
-                추천 ({post.likeCount})
+                Like ({post.likeCount})
               </Button>
             </div>
           </CardContent>
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
         {/* Replies Section */}
         <div className="mb-6">
           <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" data-testid="text-replies-title">
-            댓글 {post.replyCount}개
+            {post.replyCount} Replies
           </h2>
 
           {/* Reply Form */}
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
             <Card className="mb-6">
               <CardContent className="p-4">
                 <Textarea
-                  placeholder="댓글을 입력하세요"
+                  placeholder="Write a reply"
                   value={replyContent}
                   onChange={(e) => setReplyContent(e.target.value)}
                   rows={3}
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
                     disabled={!replyContent.trim() || createReplyMutation.isPending}
                     data-testid="button-submit-reply"
                   >
-                    {createReplyMutation.isPending ? '작성 중...' : '댓글 작성'}
+                    {createReplyMutation.isPending ? 'Posting...' : 'Post Reply'}
                   </Button>
                 </div>
               </CardContent>
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
           ) : (
             <Card className="mb-6">
               <CardContent className="p-4 text-center text-gray-500">
-                댓글을 작성하려면 로그인이 필요합니다.
+                Please login to write a reply.
               </CardContent>
             </Card>
           )}
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
           {repliesLoading ? (
             <div className="text-center py-8">
               <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-8 w-8 border-b-2 border-blue-600 mx-auto mb-3"></div>
-              <p className="text-gray-600 text-sm">댓글 로딩 중...</p>
+              <p className="text-gray-600 text-sm">Loading replies...</p>
             </div>
           ) : replies.length > 0 ? (
             <div className="space-y-3">
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ export default function CommunityPostPage() {
             </div>
           ) : (
             <div className="text-center py-8">
-              <p className="text-gray-500">첫 번째 댓글을 작성해보세요!</p>
+              <p className="text-gray-500">Be the first to reply!</p>
             </div>
           )}
         </div>
diff --git a/client/src/pages/Landing.tsx b/client/src/pages/Landing.tsx
index 4250bed..99a9e82 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/Landing.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/Landing.tsx
@@ -238,7 +238,14 @@ export default function Landing() {
       <Dialog open={showLoginModal} onOpenChange={setShowLoginModal}>
         <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-md" data-testid="modal-login">
           <DialogHeader>
-            <DialogTitle>Login to SAPIENS</DialogTitle>
+            <DialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <span>Login to</span>
+              <img 
+                src="/attached_assets/logo_black_1759181850935.png" 
+                alt="SAPIENS" 
+                className="h-4 w-auto"
+              />
+            </DialogTitle>
           </DialogHeader>
           <form onSubmit={handleLoginSubmit} className="space-y-4">
             <div>
diff --git a/client/src/pages/MediaOutletAuction.tsx b/client/src/pages/MediaOutletAuction.tsx
index 0539fba..06fcefb 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/MediaOutletAuction.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/MediaOutletAuction.tsx
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
     },
     onSuccess: () => {
       toast({
-        title: "입찰 성공",
-        description: "입찰이 성공적으로 등록되었습니다.",
+        title: "Bid Successful",
+        description: "Your bid has been successfully placed.",
       });
       setBidAmount("");
       setQualityScore("");
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
     },
     onError: (error: any) => {
       toast({
-        title: "입찰 실패",
-        description: error.message || "입찰 중 오류가 발생했습니다.",
+        title: "Bid Failed",
+        description: error.message || "An error occurred while placing your bid.",
         variant: "destructive",
       });
     },
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
   const handlePlaceBid = () => {
     if (!bidAmount) {
       toast({
-        title: "입찰 금액 필요",
-        description: "입찰 금액을 입력해주세요.",
+        title: "Bid Amount Required",
+        description: "Please enter a bid amount.",
         variant: "destructive",
       });
       return;
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
     const amount = parseFloat(bidAmount);
     if (isNaN(amount) || amount <= 0) {
       toast({
-        title: "유효하지 않은 금액",
-        description: "올바른 입찰 금액을 입력해주세요.",
+        title: "Invalid Amount",
+        description: "Please enter a valid bid amount.",
         variant: "destructive",
       });
       return;
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
 
     if (auction && auction.currentBid && amount <= parseFloat(auction.currentBid)) {
       toast({
-        title: "입찰 금액 부족",
-        description: `현재 최고 입찰가(${auction.currentBid}원)보다 높은 금액을 입력해주세요.`,
+        title: "Bid Too Low",
+        description: `Please enter an amount higher than the current bid (₩${auction.currentBid}).`,
         variant: "destructive",
       });
       return;
@@ -114,15 +114,15 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
     const now = new Date();
     const diff = end.getTime() - now.getTime();
     
-    if (diff <= 0) return "경매 종료";
+    if (diff <= 0) return "Auction Ended";
     
     const days = Math.floor(diff / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
     const hours = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)) / (1000 * 60 * 60));
     const minutes = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60 * 60)) / (1000 * 60));
     
-    if (days > 0) return `${days}일 ${hours}시간 남음`;
-    if (hours > 0) return `${hours}시간 ${minutes}분 남음`;
-    return `${minutes}분 남음`;
+    if (days > 0) return `${days}d ${hours}h left`;
+    if (hours > 0) return `${hours}h ${minutes}m left`;
+    return `${minutes}m left`;
   };
 
   if (outletLoading || auctionLoading) {
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
     return (
       <div className="min-h-screen bg-background flex items-center justify-center">
         <div className="text-center">
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-2">언론매체를 찾을 수 없습니다</h1>
-          <p className="text-muted-foreground mb-4">요청하신 언론매체가 존재하지 않습니다.</p>
-          <Button onClick={() => setLocation("/")}>홈으로 가기</Button>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-2">Media Outlet Not Found</h1>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground mb-4">The requested media outlet does not exist.</p>
+          <Button onClick={() => setLocation("/")}>Go Home</Button>
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -166,10 +166,10 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
               
               <div className="flex items-center space-x-4">
                 <Button variant="ghost" onClick={() => setLocation(`/media/${params?.slug}`)}>
-                  ← 언론매체로 돌아가기
+                  ← Back to Outlet
                 </Button>
                 <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setLocation("/")}>
-                  홈
+                  Home
                 </Button>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -178,12 +178,12 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
 
         <main className="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-6 py-8 pb-24">
           <div className="text-center">
-            <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-2">진행 중인 경매가 없습니다</h1>
+            <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-2">No Active Auction</h1>
             <p className="text-muted-foreground mb-4">
-              {outlet.name}의 관리자 권한에 대한 경매가 현재 진행되고 있지 않습니다.
+              There is currently no active auction for {outlet.name} management rights.
             </p>
             <Button onClick={() => setLocation(`/media/${params?.slug}`)}>
-              언론매체 페이지로 돌아가기
+              Back to Outlet Page
             </Button>
           </div>
         </main>
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
             )}
             
             <div className="flex-1">
-              <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold mb-2">{outlet.name} 관리자 권한 경매</h1>
+              <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold mb-2">{outlet.name} Management Rights Auction</h1>
               <p className="text-lg text-muted-foreground mb-4">
                 {outlet.description}
               </p>
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
             <CardHeader>
               <CardTitle className="flex items-center space-x-2">
                 <Gavel className="h-5 w-5" />
-                <span>경매 정보</span>
+                <span>Auction Info</span>
               </CardTitle>
             </CardHeader>
             <CardContent className="space-y-6">
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-between p-4 bg-muted rounded-lg">
                   <div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
                     <TrendingUp className="h-4 w-4 text-green-600" />
-                    <span className="font-medium">현재 최고가</span>
+                    <span className="font-medium">Current Highest</span>
                   </div>
                   <span className="text-2xl font-bold text-green-600">
                     {formatCurrency(parseFloat(auction.currentBid || "0"))}
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-between p-4 bg-muted rounded-lg">
                   <div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
                     <Clock className="h-4 w-4 text-orange-600" />
-                    <span className="font-medium">남은 시간</span>
+                    <span className="font-medium">Time Left</span>
                   </div>
                   <span className="text-lg font-bold text-orange-600">
                     {formatTimeRemaining(auction.endDate)}
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
                   <div className="flex items-center justify-between p-4 bg-muted rounded-lg">
                     <div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
                       <User className="h-4 w-4 text-blue-600" />
-                      <span className="font-medium">최고 입찰자</span>
+                      <span className="font-medium">Top Bidder</span>
                     </div>
                     <span className="text-lg font-bold text-blue-600">
                       {auction.highestBidderId.slice(0, 3)}***
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
                 {auction.qualityScore && (
                   <div className="flex items-center justify-between p-4 bg-muted rounded-lg">
                     <div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
-                      <span className="font-medium">품질 점수</span>
+                      <span className="font-medium">Quality Score</span>
                     </div>
                     <span className="text-lg font-bold">
                       {auction.qualityScore}/100
@@ -314,41 +314,41 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
           {/* Bidding Form */}
           <Card>
             <CardHeader>
-              <CardTitle>입찰하기</CardTitle>
+              <CardTitle>Place Bid</CardTitle>
             </CardHeader>
             <CardContent>
               {!isAuthenticated ? (
                 <div className="text-center p-6">
                   <p className="text-muted-foreground mb-4">
-                    입찰하려면 로그인이 필요합니다.
+                    You must be logged in to place a bid.
                   </p>
                   <Button onClick={() => setLocation("/")}>
-                    로그인하러 가기
+                    Go to Login
                   </Button>
                 </div>
               ) : (
                 <div className="space-y-4">
                   <div>
-                    <Label htmlFor="bidAmount">입찰 금액 (원)</Label>
+                    <Label htmlFor="bidAmount">Bid Amount (₩)</Label>
                     <Input
                       id="bidAmount"
                       type="number"
                       value={bidAmount}
                       onChange={(e) => setBidAmount(e.target.value)}
-                      placeholder={`${parseFloat(auction.currentBid || "0") + 1000} 이상`}
+                      placeholder={`Minimum ₩${parseFloat(auction.currentBid || "0") + 1000}`}
                       min={parseFloat(auction.currentBid || "0") + 1}
                       data-testid="input-bid-amount"
                     />
                   </div>
 
                   <div>
-                    <Label htmlFor="qualityScore">품질 점수 (선택사항, 0-100)</Label>
+                    <Label htmlFor="qualityScore">Quality Score (optional, 0-100)</Label>
                     <Input
                       id="qualityScore"
                       type="number"
                       value={qualityScore}
                       onChange={(e) => setQualityScore(e.target.value)}
-                      placeholder="품질 점수를 입력하세요"
+                      placeholder="Enter quality score"
                       min={0}
                       max={100}
                       data-testid="input-quality-score"
@@ -361,11 +361,11 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
                     className="w-full"
                     data-testid="button-place-bid"
                   >
-                    {placeBidMutation.isPending ? "입찰 중..." : "입찰하기"}
+                    {placeBidMutation.isPending ? "Placing Bid..." : "Place Bid"}
                   </Button>
 
                   <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                    * 입찰이 성공하면 취소할 수 없습니다.
+                    * Bids cannot be canceled once placed.
                   </p>
                 </div>
               )}
@@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
           <CardHeader>
             <CardTitle className="flex items-center space-x-2">
               <TrendingUp className="h-5 w-5" />
-              <span>입찰 내역</span>
-              <Badge variant="outline">{bids.length}건</Badge>
+              <span>Bid History</span>
+              <Badge variant="outline">{bids.length} bids</Badge>
             </CardTitle>
           </CardHeader>
           <CardContent>
@@ -420,20 +420,20 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
                             {formatCurrency(parseFloat(bid.amount))}
                           </span>
                           {bid.id === highestBid.id && (
-                            <Badge className="bg-green-600">최고가</Badge>
+                            <Badge className="bg-green-600">Highest</Badge>
                           )}
                         </div>
                         <div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                          입찰자: <span data-testid={`bid-bidder-${bid.id}`}>{bid.bidderId.slice(0, 8)}***</span>
+                          Bidder: <span data-testid={`bid-bidder-${bid.id}`}>{bid.bidderId.slice(0, 8)}***</span>
                           {bid.qualityScore !== undefined && bid.qualityScore !== null && (
-                            <span className="ml-2">품질점수: {bid.qualityScore}</span>
+                            <span className="ml-2">Quality: {bid.qualityScore}</span>
                           )}
                         </div>
                       </div>
                     </div>
                     <div className="text-right text-sm text-muted-foreground">
                       <span data-testid={`bid-date-${bid.id}`}>
-                        {new Date(bid.createdAt!).toLocaleDateString('ko-KR', {
+                        {new Date(bid.createdAt!).toLocaleDateString('en-US', {
                           month: 'short',
                           day: 'numeric',
                           hour: '2-digit',
@@ -448,8 +448,8 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
             ) : (
               <div className="text-center py-8 text-muted-foreground">
                 <TrendingUp className="h-12 w-12 mx-auto mb-4 opacity-50" />
-                <p>아직 입찰 내역이 없습니다</p>
-                <p className="text-sm">첫 번째 입찰자가 되어보세요!</p>
+                <p>No bids yet</p>
+                <p className="text-sm">Be the first to bid!</p>
               </div>
             )}
           </CardContent>
@@ -458,23 +458,23 @@ export default function MediaOutletAuction() {
         {/* Auction Description */}
         <Card className="mt-8">
           <CardHeader>
-            <CardTitle>경매 안내</CardTitle>
+            <CardTitle>Auction Guide</CardTitle>
           </CardHeader>
           <CardContent>
             <div className="prose prose-sm max-w-none text-muted-foreground">
               <p>
-                이 경매는 <strong>{outlet.name}</strong>의 관리자 권한을 획득하기 위한 경매입니다.
-                관리자 권한을 획득하면 다음과 같은 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다:
+                This auction is for acquiring management rights to <strong>{outlet.name}</strong>.
+                With management rights, you will be able to:
               </p>
               <ul className="list-disc list-inside space-y-1 mt-4">
-                <li>언론매체의 기사 관리 및 편집</li>
-                <li>예측시장 이벤트 생성 및 관리</li>
-                <li>언론매체 프로필 정보 수정</li>
-                <li>구독자 및 팔로워 관리</li>
+                <li>Manage and edit media outlet articles</li>
+                <li>Create and manage prediction market events</li>
+                <li>Edit media outlet profile information</li>
+                <li>Manage subscribers and followers</li>
               </ul>
               <p className="mt-4">
-                경매는 <strong>{formatTimeRemaining(auction.endDate)}</strong> 후에 종료됩니다.
-                최고 입찰자가 관리자 권한을 획득하게 됩니다.
+                The auction will end in <strong>{formatTimeRemaining(auction.endDate)}</strong>.
+                The highest bidder will acquire management rights.
               </p>
             </div>
           </CardContent>