b5fa5d96b9
- 4개 검사 엔진: HTML/CSS, 접근성(WCAG), SEO, 성능/보안 (총 50개 항목) - FastAPI 백엔드 (9개 API, SSE 실시간 진행, PDF/JSON 리포트) - Next.js 15 프론트엔드 (6개 페이지, 29개 컴포넌트, 반원 게이지 차트) - Docker Compose 배포 (Backend:8011, Frontend:3011, MongoDB:27022, Redis:6392) - 전체 테스트 32/32 PASS Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
423 lines
17 KiB
Python
423 lines
17 KiB
Python
"""
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Accessibility (WCAG 2.1 AA) Checker Engine (F-003).
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Uses Playwright + axe-core for comprehensive accessibility testing.
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Falls back to BeautifulSoup-based checks if Playwright is unavailable.
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"""
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import json
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import logging
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import os
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from pathlib import Path
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from typing import Optional
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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
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from app.engines.base import BaseChecker
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from app.models.schemas import CategoryResult, Issue
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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# axe-core JS file path
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AXE_CORE_JS_PATH = Path(__file__).parent / "axe_core" / "axe.min.js"
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# Korean message mapping for axe-core rules
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AXE_RULE_MESSAGES = {
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"image-alt": ("A-01", "이미지에 대체 텍스트(alt)가 없습니다", "1.1.1"),
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"color-contrast": ("A-02", "텍스트와 배경의 색상 대비가 부족합니다", "1.4.3"),
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"keyboard": ("A-03", "키보드로 접근할 수 없는 요소가 있습니다", "2.1.1"),
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"focus-visible": ("A-04", "키보드 포커스가 시각적으로 표시되지 않습니다", "2.4.7"),
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"label": ("A-05", "폼 요소에 레이블이 연결되지 않았습니다", "1.3.1"),
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"input-label": ("A-05", "입력 요소에 레이블이 없습니다", "1.3.1"),
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"aria-valid-attr": ("A-06", "유효하지 않은 ARIA 속성이 사용되었습니다", "4.1.2"),
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"aria-roles": ("A-06", "유효하지 않은 ARIA 역할이 사용되었습니다", "4.1.2"),
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"aria-required-attr": ("A-06", "필수 ARIA 속성이 누락되었습니다", "4.1.2"),
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"aria-valid-attr-value": ("A-06", "ARIA 속성 값이 올바르지 않습니다", "4.1.2"),
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"link-name": ("A-07", "링크 텍스트가 목적을 설명하지 않습니다", "2.4.4"),
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"html-has-lang": ("A-08", "HTML 요소에 lang 속성이 없습니다", "3.1.1"),
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"html-lang-valid": ("A-08", "HTML lang 속성 값이 올바르지 않습니다", "3.1.1"),
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"bypass": ("A-09", "건너뛰기 링크(skip navigation)가 없습니다", "2.4.1"),
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"no-autoplay-audio": ("A-10", "자동 재생 미디어에 정지/음소거 컨트롤이 없습니다", "1.4.2"),
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"audio-caption": ("A-10", "오디오/비디오에 자막이 없습니다", "1.2.2"),
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"video-caption": ("A-10", "비디오에 자막이 없습니다", "1.2.2"),
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}
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# axe-core impact to severity mapping
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IMPACT_TO_SEVERITY = {
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"critical": "critical",
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"serious": "major",
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"moderate": "minor",
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"minor": "info",
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}
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class AccessibilityChecker(BaseChecker):
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"""Accessibility (WCAG 2.1 AA) checker engine."""
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@property
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def category_name(self) -> str:
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return "accessibility"
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async def check(self, url: str, html_content: str, headers: dict) -> CategoryResult:
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"""
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Primary: Playwright + axe-core.
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Fallback: BeautifulSoup-based basic checks.
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"""
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try:
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return await self._check_with_playwright(url)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(
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"Playwright accessibility check failed, falling back to basic checks: %s",
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str(e),
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)
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return await self._check_with_beautifulsoup(url, html_content)
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async def _check_with_playwright(self, url: str) -> CategoryResult:
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"""Run axe-core via Playwright headless browser."""
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from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
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await self.update_progress(10, "브라우저 시작 중...")
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async with async_playwright() as p:
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browser = await p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
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try:
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page = await browser.new_page()
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await self.update_progress(20, "페이지 로드 중...")
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await page.goto(url, wait_until="networkidle", timeout=30000)
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await self.update_progress(40, "axe-core 주입 중...")
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# Load axe-core JS
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if AXE_CORE_JS_PATH.exists() and AXE_CORE_JS_PATH.stat().st_size > 1000:
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axe_js = AXE_CORE_JS_PATH.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
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await page.evaluate(axe_js)
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else:
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# Fallback: load from CDN
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await page.evaluate("""
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async () => {
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const script = document.createElement('script');
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script.src = 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/axe-core/4.10.2/axe.min.js';
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document.head.appendChild(script);
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await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
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script.onload = resolve;
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script.onerror = reject;
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});
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}
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""")
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await self.update_progress(60, "접근성 검사 실행 중...")
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axe_results = await page.evaluate("""
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() => {
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return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
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if (typeof axe === 'undefined') {
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reject(new Error('axe-core not loaded'));
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return;
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}
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axe.run(document, {
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runOnly: {
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type: 'tag',
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values: ['wcag2a', 'wcag2aa', 'best-practice']
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}
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}).then(resolve).catch(reject);
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});
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}
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""")
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await self.update_progress(80, "결과 분석 중...")
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issues = self._parse_axe_results(axe_results)
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score = self._calculate_axe_score(axe_results)
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finally:
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await browser.close()
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await self.update_progress(100, "완료")
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return self._build_result(
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category="accessibility",
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score=score,
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issues=issues,
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wcag_level="AA",
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)
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async def _check_with_beautifulsoup(self, url: str, html_content: str) -> CategoryResult:
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"""Fallback: basic accessibility checks using BeautifulSoup."""
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soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html5lib")
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issues: list[Issue] = []
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await self.update_progress(20, "이미지 대체 텍스트 검사 중...")
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issues += self._bs_check_img_alt(soup)
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await self.update_progress(35, "폼 레이블 검사 중...")
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issues += self._bs_check_form_labels(soup)
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await self.update_progress(50, "ARIA 속성 검사 중...")
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issues += self._bs_check_aria(soup)
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await self.update_progress(60, "링크 텍스트 검사 중...")
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issues += self._bs_check_link_text(soup)
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await self.update_progress(70, "언어 속성 검사 중...")
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issues += self._bs_check_lang(soup)
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await self.update_progress(80, "건너뛰기 링크 검사 중...")
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issues += self._bs_check_skip_nav(soup)
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await self.update_progress(90, "자동 재생 검사 중...")
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issues += self._bs_check_autoplay(soup)
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score = self._calculate_score_by_deduction(issues)
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await self.update_progress(100, "완료")
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return self._build_result(
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category="accessibility",
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score=score,
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issues=issues,
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wcag_level="AA",
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)
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def _parse_axe_results(self, axe_results: dict) -> list[Issue]:
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"""Convert axe-core violations to Issue list with Korean messages."""
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issues = []
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for violation in axe_results.get("violations", []):
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rule_id = violation.get("id", "")
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impact = violation.get("impact", "minor")
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severity = IMPACT_TO_SEVERITY.get(impact, "info")
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# Map to our issue codes
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if rule_id in AXE_RULE_MESSAGES:
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code, korean_msg, wcag = AXE_RULE_MESSAGES[rule_id]
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else:
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code = "A-06"
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korean_msg = violation.get("description", "접근성 위반 사항이 발견되었습니다")
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wcag = "4.1.2"
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# Get affected elements
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nodes = violation.get("nodes", [])
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element = None
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if nodes:
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html_snippet = nodes[0].get("html", "")
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if html_snippet:
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element = html_snippet[:200]
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# Additional context for color contrast
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detail = ""
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if rule_id == "color-contrast" and nodes:
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data = nodes[0].get("any", [{}])
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if data and isinstance(data, list) and len(data) > 0:
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msg_data = data[0].get("data", {})
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if isinstance(msg_data, dict):
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fg = msg_data.get("fgColor", "")
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bg = msg_data.get("bgColor", "")
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ratio = msg_data.get("contrastRatio", "")
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if ratio:
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detail = f" (대비율: {ratio}:1, 최소 4.5:1 필요)"
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# Create the issue with node count info
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node_count = len(nodes)
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count_info = f" ({node_count}개 요소)" if node_count > 1 else ""
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issues.append(self._create_issue(
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code=code,
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severity=severity,
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message=f"{korean_msg}{detail}{count_info}",
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element=element,
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suggestion=violation.get("helpUrl", "해당 WCAG 기준을 확인하고 수정하세요"),
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wcag_criterion=wcag,
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))
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return issues
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def _calculate_axe_score(self, axe_results: dict) -> int:
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"""
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Calculate score based on axe-core violations.
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critical=-20, serious=-10, moderate=-5, minor=-2
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"""
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severity_weights = {
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"critical": 20,
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"serious": 10,
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"moderate": 5,
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"minor": 2,
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}
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deduction = 0
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for violation in axe_results.get("violations", []):
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impact = violation.get("impact", "minor")
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deduction += severity_weights.get(impact, 2)
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return max(0, 100 - deduction)
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# --- BeautifulSoup fallback checks ---
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def _bs_check_img_alt(self, soup: BeautifulSoup) -> list[Issue]:
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"""A-01: Check images for alt text."""
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issues = []
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images = soup.find_all("img")
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missing = [img for img in images if not img.get("alt") and img.get("alt") != ""]
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if missing:
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issues.append(self._create_issue(
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code="A-01",
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severity="critical",
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message=f"alt 속성이 없는 이미지가 {len(missing)}개 발견되었습니다",
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element=str(missing[0])[:200] if missing else None,
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suggestion="모든 이미지에 설명적인 대체 텍스트를 추가하세요",
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wcag_criterion="1.1.1",
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))
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return issues
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def _bs_check_form_labels(self, soup: BeautifulSoup) -> list[Issue]:
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"""A-05: Check form elements for associated labels."""
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issues = []
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inputs = soup.find_all(["input", "select", "textarea"])
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unlabeled = []
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for inp in inputs:
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input_type = inp.get("type", "text")
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if input_type in ("hidden", "submit", "button", "reset", "image"):
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continue
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inp_id = inp.get("id")
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has_label = False
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if inp_id:
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label = soup.find("label", attrs={"for": inp_id})
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if label:
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has_label = True
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if inp.get("aria-label") or inp.get("aria-labelledby") or inp.get("title"):
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has_label = True
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# Check if wrapped in label
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parent_label = inp.find_parent("label")
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if parent_label:
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has_label = True
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if not has_label:
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unlabeled.append(inp)
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if unlabeled:
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issues.append(self._create_issue(
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code="A-05",
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severity="critical",
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message=f"레이블이 연결되지 않은 폼 요소가 {len(unlabeled)}개 발견되었습니다",
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element=str(unlabeled[0])[:200] if unlabeled else None,
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suggestion="<label for='id'>를 사용하거나 aria-label 속성을 추가하세요",
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wcag_criterion="1.3.1",
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))
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return issues
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def _bs_check_aria(self, soup: BeautifulSoup) -> list[Issue]:
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"""A-06: Basic ARIA attribute validation."""
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issues = []
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valid_roles = {
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"alert", "alertdialog", "application", "article", "banner", "button",
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"cell", "checkbox", "columnheader", "combobox", "complementary",
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"contentinfo", "definition", "dialog", "directory", "document",
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"feed", "figure", "form", "grid", "gridcell", "group", "heading",
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"img", "link", "list", "listbox", "listitem", "log", "main",
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"marquee", "math", "menu", "menubar", "menuitem", "menuitemcheckbox",
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"menuitemradio", "navigation", "none", "note", "option", "presentation",
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"progressbar", "radio", "radiogroup", "region", "row", "rowgroup",
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"rowheader", "scrollbar", "search", "searchbox", "separator",
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"slider", "spinbutton", "status", "switch", "tab", "table",
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"tablist", "tabpanel", "term", "textbox", "timer", "toolbar",
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"tooltip", "tree", "treegrid", "treeitem",
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}
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elements_with_role = soup.find_all(attrs={"role": True})
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invalid_roles = []
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for el in elements_with_role:
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role = el.get("role", "").strip().lower()
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if role and role not in valid_roles:
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invalid_roles.append(el)
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if invalid_roles:
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issues.append(self._create_issue(
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code="A-06",
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severity="major",
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message=f"유효하지 않은 ARIA 역할이 {len(invalid_roles)}개 발견되었습니다",
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element=str(invalid_roles[0])[:200] if invalid_roles else None,
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suggestion="올바른 ARIA 역할을 사용하세요 (WAI-ARIA 명세 참조)",
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wcag_criterion="4.1.2",
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))
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return issues
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def _bs_check_link_text(self, soup: BeautifulSoup) -> list[Issue]:
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"""A-07: Check link text clarity."""
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issues = []
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vague_texts = {"click here", "here", "more", "read more", "link", "여기", "더보기", "클릭"}
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links = soup.find_all("a")
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vague_links = []
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for link in links:
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text = link.get_text(strip=True).lower()
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if text in vague_texts:
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vague_links.append(link)
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if vague_links:
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issues.append(self._create_issue(
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code="A-07",
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severity="minor",
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message=f"목적이 불분명한 링크 텍스트가 {len(vague_links)}개 발견되었습니다",
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element=str(vague_links[0])[:200] if vague_links else None,
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suggestion="'여기를 클릭하세요' 대신 구체적인 링크 목적을 설명하는 텍스트를 사용하세요",
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wcag_criterion="2.4.4",
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))
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return issues
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def _bs_check_lang(self, soup: BeautifulSoup) -> list[Issue]:
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"""A-08: Check page language attribute."""
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html_tag = soup.find("html")
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if html_tag is None or not html_tag.get("lang"):
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return [self._create_issue(
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code="A-08",
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severity="major",
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message="HTML 요소에 lang 속성이 없습니다",
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suggestion='<html lang="ko">와 같이 페이지 언어를 명시하세요',
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wcag_criterion="3.1.1",
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)]
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return []
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def _bs_check_skip_nav(self, soup: BeautifulSoup) -> list[Issue]:
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"""A-09: Check for skip navigation link."""
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# Look for skip nav patterns
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skip_links = soup.find_all("a", href=True)
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has_skip = False
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for link in skip_links[:10]: # Check first 10 links
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href = link.get("href", "")
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text = link.get_text(strip=True).lower()
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if href.startswith("#") and any(
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keyword in text
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for keyword in ["skip", "본문", "건너뛰기", "main", "content"]
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):
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has_skip = True
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break
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if not has_skip:
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return [self._create_issue(
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code="A-09",
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severity="minor",
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message="건너뛰기 링크(skip navigation)가 없습니다",
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suggestion='페이지 상단에 <a href="#main-content">본문으로 건너뛰기</a> 링크를 추가하세요',
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wcag_criterion="2.4.1",
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)]
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return []
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def _bs_check_autoplay(self, soup: BeautifulSoup) -> list[Issue]:
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"""A-10: Check for autoplay media without controls."""
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issues = []
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media = soup.find_all(["video", "audio"])
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for el in media:
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if el.get("autoplay") is not None:
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has_controls = el.get("controls") is not None or el.get("muted") is not None
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if not has_controls:
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issues.append(self._create_issue(
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code="A-10",
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severity="major",
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message="자동 재생 미디어에 정지/음소거 컨트롤이 없습니다",
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element=str(el)[:200],
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suggestion="autoplay 미디어에 controls 속성을 추가하거나 muted 속성을 사용하세요",
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wcag_criterion="1.4.2",
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))
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break # Report only first
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return issues
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